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LL-37 Dosage, Protocol & Research Guide

By Sam, MBA

  • MW 4,493 g/mol
  • CAS 154947-66-7
Dosage, protocol, reconstitution and storage reference for LL-37, with a reconstitution calculator, vial sizes and cited research.

Dose overview

Every range below is taken from the cited source and carries its evidence grade.

Human data and community reports

Human data and community reports
SourcePopulationDoseFrequencyRouteDurationEvidence
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02225366 (phase 1/2, MD Anderson)[2]humanadults with melanoma and cutaneous or subcutaneous tumors (registry; results list 3 participants at risk)250–500 mcg[2]intratumoral; dose is per tumor; cohort 1 250 mcg, cohort 2 500 mcgonce weekly for up to 8 weeksother— Human clinical trialStudy details from the source: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02225366 (phase 1/2, MD Anderson): intratumoral LL-37 into cutaneous or subcutaneous tumors of at least 1 cm; weekly for up to 8 weeks; starting dose 250 mcg per tumor, registry results list a 500 mcg per tumor cohort

Evidence grades: A approved label, B human trial, C observational, D animal study, E community-reported.

Reconstitution calculator

Sizes in published sources5 mg

Calculator example, not a recommended amount

Concentration
2.5 mg/mL
Volume to draw
0.1 mL
Units on a U-100 syringe
10 units

0102030405060708090100

Properties

CAS
154947-66-7
Molecular weight
4,493 g/mol
Formula
Not yet recorded
Sequence
LLGDFFRKSKEKIGKEFKRIVQRIKDFLRNLVPRTES
Aliases
Cathelicidin, Ropocamptide, CAP-18
Vial sizes (mg)
5

Storage notes

Lyophilized
Not yet recorded from a cited source
Reconstituted stability (days)
Not yet recorded from a cited source

Side effects, contraindications and regulatory status

Reported side effects

  • First-in-man trial of topical LL-37 (34 venous leg ulcer patients; 0.5, 1.6 or 3.2 mg/mL twice weekly): the authors report no safety concerns regarding local or systemic adverse events.[3] Human trial
  • Phase IIb trial of topical LL-37 (148 venous leg ulcer patients; 0.5 or 1.6 mg/mL, with compression): the authors report the study drug was well tolerated and safe in both strengths.[4] Human trial
  • Intratumoral LL-37 in melanoma (registry results, 250 or 500 mcg per tumor weekly): 0 serious adverse events among 3 participants at risk; other adverse events were listed in all 3 (for example squamous cell carcinoma, actinic keratosis, anemia).[2] Human trial
  • FDA bulk-substance safety-risk page (content current 2026-04-22) lists LL-37 in its nominated-but-withdrawn table with the statement: nonclinical research findings suggest detrimental effects on male reproduction and that this drug can be protumorigenic in some tissues.[1] Regulator or expert-panel statement

Regulatory status

Listed in the nominated-but-withdrawn table of the FDA bulk-substance safety-risk page (content current 2026-04-22). Checked 2026-10-20.[1] Source

Report any adverse reaction to a qualified healthcare professional.

What the research says

Summaries of the cited studies, each with its evidence grade.

  • First-in-man randomized trial in 34 venous leg ulcer patients (Wound Repair Regen 2014, doi 10.1111/wrr.12211)[3]

    Human trial human

    First-in-man randomized trial in 34 venous leg ulcer patients (Wound Repair Regen 2014, doi 10.1111/wrr.12211): topical LL-37 at 0.5, 1.6 or 3.2 mg/mL or placebo, twice-weekly applications for 4 weeks after a 3-week placebo run-in

    Human clinical trial

  • HEAL LL-37 phase IIb trial in 148 venous leg ulcer patients (Wound Repair Regen 2021, doi 10.1111/wrr.12977)[4]

    Human trial human

    HEAL LL-37 phase IIb trial in 148 venous leg ulcer patients (Wound Repair Regen 2021, doi 10.1111/wrr.12977): topical LL-37 at 0.5 or 1.6 mg/mL or placebo, with compression therapy

    Human clinical trial

  • ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02225366 (phase 1/2, MD Anderson)[2]

    Human trial human

    ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02225366 (phase 1/2, MD Anderson): intratumoral LL-37 into cutaneous or subcutaneous tumors of at least 1 cm; weekly for up to 8 weeks; starting dose 250 mcg per tumor, registry results list a 500 mcg per tumor cohort

    Human clinical trial

Frequently asked questions

What dose figures are published for LL-37?

Cited figures on this page: 250-500 mcg once weekly for up to 8 weeks, intratumoral; dose is per tumor; cohort 1 250 mcg, cohort 2 500 mcg [2] (Human clinical trial, evidence grade B). These are summaries of published sources, not medical advice. Each figure links to its source in the references.

What is the regulatory status of LL-37?

Listed in the nominated-but-withdrawn table of the FDA bulk-substance safety-risk page (content current 2026-04-22). Checked 2026-10-20.

Compound facts

Recorded molecular weight: 4,493 g/mol.
Recorded CAS number: 154947-66-7
Not yet recorded from a cited source.

Sources

https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/16198951
PubMed IDs
16716248, 11389039

References

Numbered sources used on this page. Markers in the text link here.

  1. fda.gov Regulator or expert-panel statement
  2. ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02225366 (phase 1/2, MD Anderson) clinicaltrials.gov Human trial
  3. First-in-man randomized trial in 34 venous leg ulcer patients (Wound Repair Regen 2014, doi 10.1111/wrr.12211) pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov Human trial
  4. HEAL LL-37 phase IIb trial in 148 venous leg ulcer patients (Wound Repair Regen 2021, doi 10.1111/wrr.12977) pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov Human trial